Ergonomics And The Workplace Health And Social Care Essay

The pattern of safety in workplace has seen unbelievable progresss as clip has gone, due to advancement in engineering, although there is still considerable sum of challenges that comes in signifier of hurts and unwellnesss ( Hopwood and Thompson, 2006 ) . This is where biotechnologies comes to play a function in doing the workplace safe for activities that would be carried out by the employee. Biotechnologies draws on many subjects in its survey of worlds and their environments, including anthropometry, biomechanics, mechanical technology, industrial technology, industrial design, kinesiology, physiology and psychological science ( Wikipedia, 2010 ) . Unsafe, unhealthy, uncomfortable or inefficient state of affairss at work or in mundane life are avoided by taking history of the physical and physiological capablenesss and restrictions of worlds ( Dul and Weerdmeester, 1993 ) . Human wellness and safety is at optimal scope when the workplace environmental parametric quantities are suited for the employee ( Story, 2010 ) . Each twelvemonth, ill designed merchandises and workplaces account for 1000s of hurts and skyrocketing costs. That is why biotechnologies the human factor in merchandise and workplace design is fast going a major concern of makers ( Gross, 1995 ) . This study is about how is about using and proper preparation on the usage of biotechnologies to mundane workplace can forestall life endangering unwellnesss, uncomfortableness, accidents, and how employers can salvage money by cut downing costs related to issues like workers ‘ compensation, absenteeism and bend over, as it makes operations more efficient by making work topographic point designs with fewer mistakes and better on workplace user friendliness ( MacLeod, 1995 ) , with the end of cut downing musculoskeletal uncomfortableness, addition work productiveness, efficiency and comfort, as an employee who is more comfy is more productive ( Meriano and Latella, 2008 ) . 1.1 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to cognize what biotechnologies is all approximately and how it can be incorporated into the wellness and safety sector. The aims of this study are ; Reduce hazards factors associated with ill designed work Stationss and, To plan a workplace that is suited for the human organic structure instead than the human organic structure accommodating to workplace. To be able to place, step, control and supervise the occupational wellness hazards/agents in the workplace which may do ill-health to employees. 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 WHAT IS ERGONOMICS? Biotechnologies is the scientific discipline of suiting workplace conditions and occupation demands to the capablenesss of the working population, it tends to look into work related jobs that poses a hazard of musculoskeletal upsets and ways of relieving them ( Cohen et al, 1997 ) . It is besides the applied scientific discipline that is devoted to supply comfort, efficiency and safety into the design of points in the work topographic point ( Shelly and Vermaat, 2010 ) , ergonomic intercession can profit both employer and employee ( Meriano and Latella, 2008 ) . The International Ergonomics Association defines biotechnologies as follows: Biotechnologies ( or human factors ) is the scientific subject concerned with the apprehension of interactions among worlds and other elements of a system, and the profession that applies theory, rules, informations and methods to plan in order to optimise human wellbeing and overall system public presentation. A big figure of factors play a function in biotechnologies ; these include organic structure position and motion, environmental factors, information and operation every bit good as work organisation. Biotechnologies differs from other Fieldss by its interdisciplinary attack and applied nature ( Dul and Weerdmeester, 1993 ) . The benefits of biotechnologies include occupation satisfaction and enhanced worker motive, added problem-solving capablenesss, and greater credence of alteration. Involving staffs can assist to place occupation jeopardies, suggest ways to command these jeopardies and working with direction in make up one's minding how to set this control in topographic point. 2.2 WHO IS AN ERGONOMIST? An Ergonomist is one who has equal cognition of the relation between worlds ‘ wellness and worlds ‘ public presentation ( Schlick, 2009 ) taking into consideration the occupation, equipment used and information used ( hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergonomics ) . Harmonizing to Dul and Weerdmeester, 1993, the professional ergonomists can work for the governments ( statute law ) , developing establishments ( universities and colleges ) , research constitutions, the service industry ( consultancy ) and production sector ( occupational wellness services, forces sections, design sections, research sections, etc. ) , they besides wrote that the ergonomist highlights the countries where ergonomic cognition is indispensable, provides ergonomic guidelines and advises interior decorators, buyers, direction and employees, on which are more acceptable systems. 2.3 HISTORY OF ERGONOMICS: Science of Ergonomics dates back to 1717, when Bernadino Ramazzini, male parent of occupational medical specialty, speculated on factors within the work environment that contributed to his patients ‘ unwellnesss, he described violent and irregular gestures, dead set position and tonic strain on the musculus as factors that contributed to musculoskeletal strivings in his patients ( Meriano and Latella, 2008 ) . However, in the United Kingdom, biotechnologies started in 1917 in World War I when the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research and the Medical Research Council were asked to look into industrial conditions, peculiarly of weaponries workers, this led to the constitution of Industrial Fatigue Research Board who performed research on above subject in 1929 because of the expanded range of work ( hours of work, preparation, accidents, illuming and airing, and design of the machinery. In 1949, the Ergonomics Research Society was established at a meeting held by a little group of research workers at the Admiralty ; this made the society the earliest to be formed in the universe ( Meister, 1999 ) . 2.4 LEGAL CONTROL OF ERGONOMICS: The jurisprudence serves as a critical map in complex societal scene as it provides criterions or guidelines that define unacceptable and acceptable human behavior. A breach in this jurisprudence can be considered misdemeanor of the jurisprudence and the transgressor could confront civil or condemnable punishments the legal system of every governmental legal power and at every degree of organized society must invariably accommodate to altering demands, so at that place has and will be a go oning gush of commanding Torahs. It is for this ground that the legal system is based on constructs of human mistakes. Liability bar or extenuation is the turning away of mistake by probe, analysis, rating, hazard appraisal, disciplinary action, and preventative redresss. The chance of a scientist or applied scientist holding contact with jurisprudence is high, it is wise to go familiar with the country of web ( Marras and Karwowski, 2006 ) , as there are a myriad of functions that can be played in province or federal common jurisprudence actions, workers ‘ compensation instances, allegations of statutory misdemeanors, arbitrations or mediations, authorities bureau hearings, or commendations affecting Occupational Safety and Health Administration ( OSHA ) , Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) ( Vinal, 1999 ) . Harmonizing to Health and Safety at Work ( HASAW ) Act 1974, which is statute law, it states that ; it is the responsibility of the employer to transport out a hazard appraisal in the work topographic point. Failure to this is regarded as a breach in the jurisprudence and has its effects. 2.5 METHODS OF UNDERTAKING ERGONOMIC ASSESSMENT The cardinal end of human-centered technology is to fit human features such as organic structure size, strengths and failings, and capablenesss and penchants with the relevant properties of equipment, undertakings, and process ( Kroemer, 2006 ) . The different methods used in the appraisal of biotechnologies include ; I Physical methods II Psycho physiological methods III Behavioural and Cognitive Methods IV Team methods V Environmental methods VI Macroergonomics methods ( Stanton et al. , 2005 ) All these methods make usage of the following techniques listed below ; Measurement squads Anthropometric techniques Measuring energetic capablenesss Measuring musculus strength Measuring mental work load Measuring vision capablenesss Systematic assemblage of information The ideal field appraisal tools used should possess the undermentioned properties ; Predictive: the tool should supply prognostic step of hazard of musculoskeletal hurt, Robust: can be used in any work state of affairs, Cheap: tool can be available at minimum pecuniary cost, Non-invasive: should non impact when worker performs or procedure work flow, Quick: appraisal could be performed rapidly, Easy to utilize: tool could be used with minimum preparation, ( Marras and Karwowski, 2006 ) . 3.0 METHODOLOGY 3.1 INTEGRATED ERGONOMICS ASSESSMENT FOR THE WORK STATION For the intent of this appraisal to be done, several protocols would hold to be met. The first thing that would be done is to acquire a work station that can be used to transport out an ergonomics appraisal, and the Help Desk in the Learning Resource Centre ( LRC ) has been selected. A proposed meeting was set up with the Manager of the LRC to acquire permission to transport out the appraisal, the director approved of this and forwarded necessary messages to the supervisors in the LRC who helped in finishing the undertaking. A confidentiality questionnaire was handed to one of the supervisors, which was filled and returned and would be used as a point of mention in the consequences. Using anthropometric method of ergonomic hazard appraisal, measuring of the work station would be taken utilizing a measurement tape and images snapped for farther grounds of the work station for biotechnologies assessment. Ergonomics appraisal on the work station would be done on the footing of the under taking carried out. The undertaking carried out in the Help Desk in the LRC involves assisting pupils use the computing machine systems to turn up books in the library and assisting to set up books in shelves. For this ground, there is the demand to jump between sitting down and standing. Below is a chart that shows a program on how the work would be carried out. Observation Hazard Identification Biotechnologies Assessment Evaluation Hazard Validation Control and proctor Reappraisal Chart 1: Flow Plan on the methodological analysis of the ergonomic appraisal. 4.0 RESULTS AND RECOMMENDATION The peculiar work station selected for this biotechnology was carefully observed for the different undertaking carried out to see if there is any job associated with the work topographic point. Anthropometric technique was used to transport out this work by acquiring measurings of the work topographic point. 4.1 Observation: The aid desk offered aid in transporting out this work after permission was granted by the Manager of the LRC. Looking carefully at the manner work was done and inquiring inquiries from the staff being monitored were put into consideration, besides exposure were taken to besides acquire a clear image of how the employee carries out the undertaking. Fig 1: A Staff transporting out her responsibilities on a Ocular Display Unit. 4.2 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION: jeopardy designation was obtained chiefly by inquiring inquiries from the employee on the work station, doing usage of a questionnaire and sing the work station for possible activities that may do wellness upset ( s ) and affect the employee. Health and Safety at Work ( HASAW ) Act 1974 demands that the employer should do certain that employers carry out a hazard appraisal in the work environment to guarantee safety of staffs. See consequence in table 1 below. Table 1: Hazard Identification on the aid desk.HazardHazard facetImpact/ EffectPosition Hunched position ( ensuing from weariness and long hours of working ) Stiffness of the dorsum, cervix, and carpus from working excessively long on the Visual Display Unit Assortment of wellness jobs, like caved shoulders, muscular instabilities, rounding of the upper dorsum and a inclination to tilt frontward while walking. Incidence of lower dorsum upsets. Motion Distortion of the waist, cervix, stretching the manus and retention in that place for a long clip ( striving musculuss in the manus ) Pain and strain on cervix musculuss and waist. Stress on musculuss of the weaponries while stretching causes weariness of the arm musculus. Ocular Display Unit ( VDU ) , keyboard and mouse. Fixed place of the cervix when staring at the VDU, and emphasis on fingers from excessively much typewriting, writhing and flexing of the carpus when managing the mouse. Makes the employee aware of some oculus defects that he/she was non cognizant of. Striving of the weaponries to make the mouse and distortion of the carpus to acquire to the keyboard and catching the mouse. 4.3 ERGONOMIC ASSESSMENT: Biotechnologies appraisal on the work station showed that the design of the station has a moderate mark as it accommodates the employee and has a low hazard degree. Below is a tabular array of the entire ergonomic hazard factor and how it was derived. Table 2: Ergonomic Work Position Evaluation. Assessed by: Igho Date:14/12/2010 Ergonomic Evaluation Risk Factor Static Points Comments/Action Work Positions ( Siting ) 0 platinums 2 platinums 4 platinums v if 20 secs + X 3 if inactive Neck ( Flexion ) flexing caput frontwardvv6 Moderate Shoulders ( Raising cubituss )vv6 Moderate Wrists/Handsvv6 Moderate Back ( flexure ) flexing frontward at the hipsvv12 High Hiking Shouldersvv0 Low Writhing ( falsely with pess stationary )vv0 Low Table 3: Undertaking factor Evaluation Undertaking Factors Points Awarded Muscle force Low v Moderate High 0 Vibration Low v Moderate High 0 Lighting Good v Fair Poor 0 Workplace Temperature Comfortable v Warm/Cool Hot/Cold 0 Table 4: Hazard Factor sum on the work station. Risk Factor entire Risk Factor Points Total Comments/Action 0 platinums 2 platinums 4pts Work Positions 0 – 7 8 – 15 16 pts+ = 4 High ( 8-12 ) Undertaking factors 0 – 8 9 – 15 16 pts+ = 0 = 4 Moderate ( 4 – 7 ) Raising 0 – 7 8 – 13 14 pts+ = 0 Low ( 0 – 3 ) Table 5: Key Descriptor Scale Form Consequence Control 0-3 Low Little or no ailments of musculus achings and strivings Taking of short clip interruptions 4-7 Moderate Stress and weariness on musculuss which is tolerable Choice of an employee to supervise how undertakings are being carried out 8-12 High Work Musculoskeletal upset, inactive burden on musculuss leads to painful weariness on musculuss Decrease of work that can do musculoskeletal upset and preparation of staffs to go more cognizant of ergonomic hazard factors related to musculoskeletal upsets. Below is a study on the work station used in the LRC, measured in centimeter. 48cm 24cm 96cm 48cm 72cm Floor Fig 1: Sketch and measuring of the work station. The study above can be compared to the British criterion dimension to cognize if the mensural work station meets up with the criterion. Table 6: Work topographic point measuring compared with British Standard Dimension Measured Work Station British Standard Dimension ( 5th – 95th Percentile ( assorted Population 19 – 65 year ) Popliteal tallness 48cm 44cm Thigh Clearance 23cm Table Height ( Popliteal height + Siting Elbow tallness ) 72cm 68.5cm Siting Shoulder Height Position 57cm 59cm Back remainder 48cm Hazard VALIDATION Based on the production of a well ergonomically equipped work station, a good control and reappraisal of the work station, and everything put in order, information and preparation of employees there may still be a job that can present as a menace to the work topographic point. This can be seen in workers habit ; sitting frontward on the chair, sitting in the center of the chair, tilting on arm remainder and back remainder, weaponries resting on the tabular array are some illustrations of employees habit, and this can ensue in intervertebral phonograph record hurts and back jobs as the musculuss of the dorsum are easy stressed. CONTROL AND MONITORING To command occupational wellness and safety hazards, betterment of public presentation and benefits in work topographic points in order to extinguish or minimise hazard to employees and other interested parties exposed to hazards associated with its activities, it is necessary to implement, keep and continually better occupational wellness and safety in the work topographic point. The followers can be used to command and supervise ongoing activities and undertakings in the work topographic point ; Avoid Unnatural Position: flexing the trunk/head sideways is more harmful than flexing forward The on the job country should be located so that it is at the best distance from the eyes of the operator. Hand clasp, stuffs and tools should be arranged in such a manner that the most frequent motions are carried out with the cubituss set and near to the organic structure. Manipulations can be made easier by utilizing supports under the cubituss, forearms or custodies. Padded/soft warm stuffs that can be adjustable to suite people of different sizes. It is indispensable that the workplace should be suited to the organic structure size and mobility of the operator/employee, since neutral/natural positions and motions are a necessary portion of efficient work. Neck and caput position: caput and cervix should non be dead set frontward by more than 30 grades when the bole is vertical, else weariness and problems may happen. 4.6 Reappraisal Having seen that ergonomically, the work station is tolerable, and staffs have been informed on how to place themselves whilst working, there is need to reexamine work pattern every three months to guarantee and implement that the manner of working is still in topographic point to avoid hurts that may hold built up with clip. 4.7 Recommendation After mensurating the work station and comparing with the British criterion measuring, it is recommended that the chair ( adjustable ) should be adjusted to suit the user so as to acquire the comfortability needed in order non to emphasize and strive musculuss in the dorsum and pess. The mouse and Visual display unit should be ergonomically put in topographic point to the comfort of the operator, to cut down tenseness and strain to the eyes, custodies and carpus Biotechnology POLICY AND CONCLUSION 5.1 ERGONOMICS Policy: The intent of this policy is to endeavor staffs to adhere to guidelines in the work topographic point with the purpose of guaranting a safe working environment every bit good as to convey wellness jeopardy to a lower limit. It is the direction ‘s duty to transport out responsibilities under the Health and Safety at work Act 1974 and other statute law including amendments to guarantee safe working patterns and work environment. For this ground, the aid desk shall stay to the undermentioned guidelines ; Biotechnologies attempts shall be embedded, maintained and preserved on the aid desk in Learning Resource Centre ( LRC ) to guarantee a safe and healthy work topographic point environment for employees. Cooperation of work force in doing certain that ergonomic betterment is realised. ( Joint attempt of directors, supervisors, employees and other back uping staffs ) Appellation of station to a responsible employee to look into that workers are good positioned, to forestall Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders in the work station. Training of staffs to be more cognizant of ergonomic hazard factors related to Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders. Informing staffs about biotechnologies and its hazard factors can assist to cut down cost of intervention of Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders, as the budgeted cost can be used as employees ‘ benefits. This policy would be implemented and reviewed three times a twelvemonth to guarantee that the wellness conditions of the employees are in order, to cut down money spent on handling employees for work related musculoskeletal upsets. This policy would be handed to each staff through information and preparations and in written signifier. 5.2 Decision After a thorough ergonomic scrutiny of the aid desk in the LRC, and measuring the working environment, proper biotechnologies rating was done and command steps put in Topographic point every bit good as a policy for the safety and wellness of the employees so as to cut down opportunities of the hazard of holding a staff complain about a work related musculoskeletal upset. Control measures used after ergonomic appraisal and hazard proof was carried out is to assist in cut downing the opportunities of acquiring a work related musculoskeletal upset and cost of intervention from hurts sustained ( if any at all, sing the tolerable sum derived from the rating and opportunities of any hurt sustained, this is as a consequence of proper preparation of the staffs ) .

Theme of Status in Daisy Miller

In the short story, â€Å"Daisy Miller†, by Edith Wharton, a common obsession is found with the status and respectability of the characters presented in the story. Edith develops this obsession as a theme that is supported by European and American ideals, character’s viewpoints, and character’s actions in the story â€Å"Daisy Miller†. The theme of status and respectability is largely developed by the ideals of the society found within Daisy Miller. The story originates in Switzerland and then later goes on to take place in Rome. In each of these cities, the story implies that status is highly regarded and that the society looks down upon certain unrespectable behaviors. The European societies of Daisy Miller watch and titter over the apparent reckless behavior of this young girl, as this behavior is not acceptable to the upper class. Daisy Miller, as viewed by the European society, a reckless, flirtatious, and imprudent girl, who does not heed societal standards. Her most dishonorable actions are that she tends to spend time with various men in the community. The upper classes find that Daisy’s promenading with various men in public is of upmost disgrace. Throughout the story their views on this sort of behavior are often voiced. In a conversation between Winterbourne, a man who becomes slightly involved with Daisy, and Mrs. Walker, an overseer of Daisy, the criticism of Daisy Miller’s actions is voiced. â€Å" That girl must not do this sort of thing. She must not walk here with you two men. Fifty people have noticed her. † Winterbourne raised his eyebrows. I think it’s a pity to make too much fuss about it. † â€Å"I think it’s a pity to let the girl ruin herself! † The story Daisy Miller tends to revolve around this idea that Daisy is â€Å"ruining herself† due to her irresponsible actions. The society of Europe is very absorbed with Daisy’s respectability; an example of how to the respectability of an individual greatly affects their status in society. Because Daisy and her family are of low class, Daisy’s irresponsible actions easily bring them to an even lower status. The main character Mr. Winterbourne supports the theme of respect and status by acting as a narrator for the follies of Daisy Miller as well as a connection between her and the upper-class ideals of status and respectability. When he is not with Daisy, Mr. Winterbourne is often listening to what is being said about her. â€Å"They ceased to invite her, they intimated that they desired to express to observant Europeans the great truth that, though Miss Daisy Miller was a young American lady, her behavior was not representative. Mr. Winterbourne is highly aware of Daisy’s dishonorable reputation that she gains in the European, especially Roman society, and continuously notes how she falls on the societal scale. Mr. Winterbourne’s obsession with how Daisy Miller is perceived in their society is an important part of what carries the theme of respect and status throughout the short story. Mr. Winterbourne not only perceives Daisy Miller’s affect on society but also d ebates with himself the reasons behind her dishonorable actions. He asked himself whether Daisy’s defiance came from the consciousness of innocence, or from her being, essentially, a young person of reckless class. † In instances such as this, Mr. Winterbourne continuously seeks to rationalize why Daisy dishonors herself through such reckless actions. The theme of status and respectability is also supported by the actions of Daisy Miller herself. Daisy Miller begins by chasing after status in the European society. She often talks of the â€Å"society† in her European community as a class which she strives to be apart. Daisy Miller realizes that she is found to be disrespectable however, tries to believe that this is not the truth. When Winterbourne implies how Daisy Miller perceived in Rome, she acts as though she does not believe him. â€Å" â€Å"Of course I care to know! † Daisy exclaimed seriously. â€Å"But I don’t believe it. They are only pretending to be shocked. † She illustrates the importance of respect and status in both European and American societies. She is very concerned with the respect and status that she has in her society, however is naive of how she fails to gain either of those things. Daisy’s innocence is what saves her from the realization that she is in fact, bringing herself down to a lower space in the social ladder. â€Å"Miss Daisy Miller looked extremely innocent. Some people had told him that, after all, the American girls were exceedingly innocent.. † Daisy Miller is also important to the theme of respect and status in that she provides an outlet for the societal views of what is respectful and what is not. Obviously, â€Å"going around† with men is not a respectable course of action for Daisy Miller, and for this she is ostracized from her society. In the short story, â€Å"Daisy Miller† a societal criticism of respect and status is provided as a major theme. Daisy Miller’s actions are the central to the stories plot, and the criticism that she receives by the â€Å"society† is a constant aspect of the stories plot. Various characters express this criticism, however, the most important of these characters are Mr. Winterbourne, and Daisy herself. Mr. Winterbourne and Daisy each express opposite views towards the societies criticism; however, their separate views, as well as those demonstrated by the society of Europe dramatically support the theme of respect and status in the short story.

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Dea Fbi Conduct Raid On A Grant County Meth Ring - 2916 Words

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It isn't possible to produce a true friend online. Shopping online isn't secure or secure. The Awful Secret of Argumentative Essay Topics on Animation An argumentative essay is among the most troublesome kinds of essays. Argumentative essay topics are so important since they are debatableand it's critical to at all times be critically considering the world around us. Moral argumentative essay topics are a few of the simplest to get carried away with. The topics for argumentative essays are often quite self-explanatory they're common understanding. If you must create a descriptive essay within a broader writing prompt, you might want to find some insight on how best to compose the other styles of essay writing. Writing an outline before starting drafting your argumentative essay can help you to organize your information more effectively. Recent argumentative essay topics that are related to society is going to do. When writing an argumentative essay, there are many different general topics you could utilize to write about. Understanding how to compose a strong argumentative paper can help you advance your very own argumentative thinking. Education scholars are continuously evolving the way that they think about how we learn and what's taught. Strategies for writing book reports on books you haven't even read. You have to read lots of books, textbooks or watch some videos to have an excellent comprehension of your subject and be in a position to come up with a compelling argument. Humorous essays are frequently a good de al more fun to write. Facts, finally, will always win out against how folks are feeling at a specific moment. The net has made our life a good deal easier. Argumentative Essay Topics on Animation: the Ultimate Convenience! First, the topic is debatable. Quite frequently, the very best topic is one which you truly care about, but you also will need to get ready to research it. 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Improving Americas Educational System free essay sample

A paper which explores the way American politicians attempt to improve the educational system in order to attract voters. The paper shows that one of the greatest problems facing the American nation today is that of its failing school systems. It is a favorite rhetorical trope of politicians that education is an investment in our nations future. The paper discusses how few politicians are truly interested in remedying the situation in real, constructive ways. It explores two ways politicians have recently attempted to improve the nations education system by introducing an expanded school voucher system and raising state standards for childrens education via increased standardized testing. These solutions are attractive to voters because they do not cause much of a drain upon taxpayers funds. The paper argues however that ultimately the only real solution that will result in a real and long-lasting improvement in the education is that all American children receive increased funding for schools. We will write a custom essay sample on Improving Americas Educational System or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This real increase in funds was used to support summer schools, remedial programs, and actual steps to support students ability to strive for real standards. Such programs do not attempt to close failing schools through heightened competition with the private sector, or support schools attempts to simply set standards without taking real steps to ensure students meet these standards. Recently, Michigan cut over 100 million from its early childhood education and remedial help program for elementary school children. California eliminated its system of monetary awards to public schools that meet standards in the state. Although standards were not lowered in either state, how can students meet such standards without adequate support from teachers and a supported curriculum?

Quality and Environmental Management

Appropriate management systems ensure quality and safer structures. The purpose of this report is to evaluate Domhus UK Ltd, a manufacturer of high specification prefabricated houses, various aspects regarding its operations.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Quality and Environmental Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More By analysing various construction management books, journals, and websites, the report discusses the company’s significant environmental aspects, suitable objectives, targets and environmental management programmes, and the relevant auditing arrangements for the integrated management system. Company’s significant environmental aspects The fact that the company manufactures most of its components in a controlled environment reduces the waste of materials and lessens environmental impacts on land and the society. The company can integrate wastes into the construction process rat her than being lost on-site and discarded as landfill. The materials, which are mostly organic, have low embodies energy compared to the materials mined from the earth’s crust (Birkeland 2008, p.104). The reuse of components serves to keep the environment clean with the organic materials, which contain fewer petrochemicals, enhancing a healthier environment especially concerning air pollution (BragancÃŒ §a 2007, p.105). Since onsite construction is minimised, various forms of pollutants that might have been introduced into the environment are avoided. In this regard, health and safety are maintained while at the same time avoiding dirt, which could inconvenience local residents. Furthermore, these practices ensure the protection of the habitats, waterways, and other natural features (Howarth Watson 2009, p.35). The minimisation of the consumption of energy during the construction phase is also beneficial. Suitable environmental programmes The design process should involve a detailed assessment of the construction process to eliminate any problematic health and safety issues within the design (Lowton 1997, p.67). The organising and controlling of the work on site should ensure the observance of environmental safety.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More By observing site-specific retrofitting, prefabricated buildings can considerably contribute to reduced land coverage resource flaws (Schaur 2005, p. 78). Furthermore, constructing prefabricated structures in combination with greenhouse aspects of heating, cooling, and ventilation can be beneficial. High concentrations of the interior environment contaminants can be minimised. Adopting more sustainable principles in the materials and production systems will facilitate more environmentally friendly structures. The prefabricated houses can be designed to achieve high-energy efficiency and thus minimise the consumption of non-renewable resources and ensure appropriate management of the renewable and local resources (Mehta et al. 2008, p.32). Such include the minimisation of the extensive use of air-conditioning. The buildings should be energy efficient and utilise energy from renewable sources by specifying recycled materials (Hawkes Forster 2002, p. 197) Materials such as sandwich-structured composite are appropriate in thermal improvement, sound insulation, and air tightness. The company should avoid the use of prefabrication materials that might have adverse effects on the environment. Concerning the external suppliers, the company should undertake consultations in seeking their input for a safer environment and undertake process of identifying, assessing, and controlling the impacts of its activities (Fryer et al. 2004, p. 81). This relationship should deliver high quality products and services that are environmental friendly (Feld Carper 1997, p. 103). It is appropriate to a dopt a continuous improvement scheme that promotes health and safety and maintain an environmental management system that is relevant to environmental conservation (Chitkara, 1998, p. 93). The company should educate and train its staff in matters of environmental preservation. Moreover, the company should comply with all the relevant legislation and regulations that relate to environmental health and safety and any other industry codes of practice in this regard. This entails the improvement of all the aspects of design, manufacture, hire, installation, and service (Smith 1999, p.48). A regular review of the quality objectives and the management system through self-analysis, customer feedback, and third party verification is vital.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Quality and Environmental Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Auditing arrangements Prefabrication requires significantly diverse capital requ irements, logistic skills, and specialized labour. The capital costs include the costs of importing the prefabricated building segments or the costs of erecting an industrial plant to fabricate the building segments (Harris et al. 2006, p. 64). The logistics involve transporting large prefabricated building segments to the construction site. The logistics become more complex with disperse construction sites, considerably large building segments, and poor road networks and transport systems. With poor planning, the complexity involved in prefabricated construction may cause increased costs that exceed the savings expected from reduced time, labour, and materials (Goodchild 2008, p. 82). A company must cater for alternatives to address any disruptions in the supply of materials and fittings. It must also cater for unexpected problems during the construction process. Proper inspection measures will ensure that faults are avoided as the use of specialized components increases the mainte nance costs and delays any remedial work due to difficulties associated with sourcing. Financial allowance is essential for all residual risk items. The frequency of the auditing process should emphasise on the crucial sections of the company such as the production process (Hughes Ferrett, 2011). A well-structured auditing programme in this regard will give a clear picture of the effectiveness of the production process. Thus, the company can control the risks associated with defective products by making informed decisions. Regarding joint venture examinations, the auditing process should consider the unique issues regarding operation of the joint ventures. Each party should be viewed independently. A proper auditing process should facilitated value management so that the company meets the client business needs in matters concerning time, cost, quality and risk constrains. It should also ensure sustainable construction in terms of social, economic, and environmental aspects (Kay et al. 1989, p.53). Conclusion Appropriate management systems facilitate the realization of a company’s objectives. Both its onsite and offsite operations should address environmental preservation in terms of pollution and energy conservation.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More References Birkeland, J. (2008). Positive development: from vicious circles to virtuous cycles through built environment design. Earthscan: London. BragancÃŒ §a, L. (2007). Portugal SB07 sustainable construction, materials and practices : challenge of the industry for the new millenium. Delft University Press: Amsterdam, Netherlands. Chitkara, K. K. (1998). Construction project management: planning, scheduling and controlling.Tata McGraw-Hill Pub: New Delhi, India. Feld, J., Carper, K. L. (1997). Construction failure (2nd ed.). Wiley: New York. Fryer, B. G., Fryer, M., Egbu, C. O., Ellis, R., Gorse, C. A. (2004). The practice of construction management: people and business performance (4th ed.). Blackwell Pub: Oxford, U.K. Goodchild, B. (2008). Homes, cities and neighbourhoods: planning and the residential landscapes of modern Britain. Aldershot, England: Ashgate. Harris, F., McCaffer, R., Fotwe, F. (2006). Modern construction management (6th ed.). Blackwell: Oxford. Hawkes, D., Forster, W. (2002). Energy efficient buildings: architecture, engineering, and environment. W.W. Norton Co; New York. Howarth, T., Watson, P. (2009). Construction safety management. Wiley-Blackwell: Chichester, U.K. Hughes, P., Ferrett, E. (2011). Introduction to health and safety in construction: the handbook for the NEBOSH construction certificate (4th ed.). Routledge: London. Kay, R. S., Searfoss, D. G., Minter, F. C. (1989). Handbook of accounting and auditing (2nd ed.). Warren, Gorham Lamont: Boston. Lowton, R. M. (1997). Construction and the natural environment. Butterworth-Heinemann: Oxford. Mehta, M., Scarborough, W., Armpriest, D. (2008). Building construction: principles, materials, and systems. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Schaur, C. (2005). Improvement of Buildings’ Structural Quality by New Technologies: Outcome of the Cooperative Activities : Final Report, September 2004. A. A. Balkema: London. Smith, N. J. (1999). Managing risk in con struction projects. Blackwell Science: Oxford. This report on Quality and Environmental Management was written and submitted by user Emery Yang to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.